1. What happened with Diane Dodd and the fruit flies? How did she create reproductive isolation?
Diane Dodd fed two fruit flies a different food source from another. After eight generations, these two groups stopped reproducing with the group that was fed a different food supply. She isolated these two groups by preventing them from breeding and becoming a single species.
2. What is the definition a species?
Species is a group of individuals that can inner-breed and produce fertile offspring.
3. What are the two main types of barriers in reproductive isolation?
Geographic and post-/pre-zygotic are two main barriers.
4. What is gene flow? What is reproductive isolation?
Reproductive isolation is a species that doesn't have a gene flow. A Gene flow are when genes are being mixed within a population.
5. What is geographic isolation? (Give an example).
When there's an isolation in a population due to where they exist. An example would be Diane Dodd's experiment.
6. What is allopatric speciation? (give an example)
When you have two groups of a species that live in different lands. An example would be a meadowlark.
7. What is sympatric speciation? (give an example)
When you have two groups of a species living on the same land. An example would be plants having a mistake in their chromosomes.
8. What is peripatric/parapatric speciation? (give an example)
Perpiatric/parapatric speciation is when a particular species has a difference in their DNA and an example would be the African and "Forest" elephant.
9. What are pre-zygotic barriers? Name the types of pre-zygotic barriers (explain each).
(Temporal, Mechanical, Behavioral)
Pre-zygotic barriers are things that occur before the zygotes form.
Temporal - A breeding species that breed at different times of the year.
Behavior - The behaviors of a similar species are different, and this causes them to prevent interbreeding.
Mechanical - Species that can't breed because their sexual organs cannot touch to each other.
10. What are post-zygotic barriers? Name the types of post-zygotic barriers- give examples.
(Zygote Mortality, Hybrid Sterility)
Post-zygotic barriers happen when something causes the zygote to die.
Zygote Morality- The sperm is transferred, but after fertilizing the egg, the zygote dies. (Corals)
Hybrid Sterility- Two similar species breeding to make a new species, but that new species is sterile making them unable to give more offspring. (Horse and donkey)
11. What is polyploidy? What happens? Where is this common?
Polyploidy is an example of very fast speciation. A mistake in chromosome numbers, leads to an organism unable to breed, forming a brand new species. This is found very common in plants.
12. What is the theory of Punctuated Equilibrium?
Speciation doesn't occur gradually over time, but very quickly.
Diane Dodd fed two fruit flies a different food source from another. After eight generations, these two groups stopped reproducing with the group that was fed a different food supply. She isolated these two groups by preventing them from breeding and becoming a single species.
2. What is the definition a species?
Species is a group of individuals that can inner-breed and produce fertile offspring.
3. What are the two main types of barriers in reproductive isolation?
Geographic and post-/pre-zygotic are two main barriers.
4. What is gene flow? What is reproductive isolation?
Reproductive isolation is a species that doesn't have a gene flow. A Gene flow are when genes are being mixed within a population.
5. What is geographic isolation? (Give an example).
When there's an isolation in a population due to where they exist. An example would be Diane Dodd's experiment.
6. What is allopatric speciation? (give an example)
When you have two groups of a species that live in different lands. An example would be a meadowlark.
7. What is sympatric speciation? (give an example)
When you have two groups of a species living on the same land. An example would be plants having a mistake in their chromosomes.
8. What is peripatric/parapatric speciation? (give an example)
Perpiatric/parapatric speciation is when a particular species has a difference in their DNA and an example would be the African and "Forest" elephant.
9. What are pre-zygotic barriers? Name the types of pre-zygotic barriers (explain each).
(Temporal, Mechanical, Behavioral)
Pre-zygotic barriers are things that occur before the zygotes form.
Temporal - A breeding species that breed at different times of the year.
Behavior - The behaviors of a similar species are different, and this causes them to prevent interbreeding.
Mechanical - Species that can't breed because their sexual organs cannot touch to each other.
10. What are post-zygotic barriers? Name the types of post-zygotic barriers- give examples.
(Zygote Mortality, Hybrid Sterility)
Post-zygotic barriers happen when something causes the zygote to die.
Zygote Morality- The sperm is transferred, but after fertilizing the egg, the zygote dies. (Corals)
Hybrid Sterility- Two similar species breeding to make a new species, but that new species is sterile making them unable to give more offspring. (Horse and donkey)
11. What is polyploidy? What happens? Where is this common?
Polyploidy is an example of very fast speciation. A mistake in chromosome numbers, leads to an organism unable to breed, forming a brand new species. This is found very common in plants.
12. What is the theory of Punctuated Equilibrium?
Speciation doesn't occur gradually over time, but very quickly.