16. What are the two conditions under which nitrogen will react with oxygen?
The two conditions under which nitrogen will react are oxygen are high temperatures and pressures found near lightning bolts.
17. What are the two compounds that are formed when nitrogen combines with oxygen?
nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
18. How does nitric acid (HNO3) form?
Nitric acid forms when nitrogen dioxide reacts with water in rain.
19. Why is nitric acid important?
Nitric acid is important because plants utilize it as a nutrient.
20. What percentage of the air we breathe is nitrogen?
The percentage of air we breath that is nitrogen is 79%.
21. Even though considerable nitrogen is available in the air, most plants do not use the nitrogen (N2) found in air. Why not?
the nitrogen they get needs to be in a "fixed" form.
22. In what compounds can plants use nitrogen?
Plants can use nitrogen in compounds such as nitrate ions, ammonium ions, and urea.
23. How do animals get the nitrogen they need?
Animals get the nitrogen they need by plants.
24. Atmospheric nitrogen is pretty inert. This means that is does not easily break apart. When molecules do not break apart easily, it is difficult (or impossible) for organisms to use them as a nutrient source. As a result, nitrogen fixation is the term used to describe the process of breaking up N2.
-What is atmospheric fixation?
Atmospheric fixation is when the large energy of lightning breaks nitrogen molecules and enables their
atoms to combine with oxygen in the air forming nitrogen oxides. The nitrogen oxides dissolve in rain (forming nitrates) that are carried to the earth.
-What is industrial fixation? (How artificial fertilizers are made)
Industrial fixation is when, under large pressure, and with use of catalyst, atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen can be combined to form ammonia. Ammonia can be used as fertilizer.
-What is biological fixation?
Biological fixation is the ability to fix nitrogen, but only in certain bacteria and algae- such as
-Some live in a symbiotic relationship with plants of the legume family.
-Some establish symbiotic relationships with plants other than legumes.
-Some establish symbiotic relationships with animals.
-Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free in the soil.
-Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are essential to maintaining the fertility of semi-aquatic environments.
25. Nitrogen cycle
26. Why is nitrogen needed for animals and plants?
plants use nitrogen to produce complex organic molecules like amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
1. Define "water cycle".
A complex process that not only gives us water to drink, fish to eat, but also weather patterns that help grow our crops. Contains precipitation, evaporation, and transpiration.
2. What fraction of Earth's surface is covered in water?
3/4 of the earth is covered by water
3. What percentage of all the Earth's water is in a form that is useable to humans and land animals?
The percentage of all the Earth's water that is in a form that is useable to humans and land animals is 1%.
2. Why is evaporated water so clean?
Evaporated water is so clean because during the process of evaporation, impurities in water are left behind.
3. Condensation occurs when a gas is changed into a liquid.
4. Condensation is the opposite of evaporation.
5. When the temperature and atmospheric pressure are right, the small droplets of water in clouds form larger droplets and precipitation occurs.
6. Define transpiration.
As plants absorb water from the soil, the water moves from the roots through the stems to the leaves. Once the water reaches the leaves, some of it evaporates from the leaves, adding to the amount of water vapor in the air.
7. Define percolation.
Percolation is the movement and filtering of fluids through certain materials.
1. Using the terms "evaporation", "condensation", and "precipitation", explain the water cycle in your own words.
Evaporation turns from liquid to gas (vapor) and rises, condensation takes the evaporated liquid-gas and turns it back into liquid and turns it into rain droplets, and precipitation is when the droplets that were kept in condensation fall to Earth.
2. What factor is most important in determining whether water is a solid, liquid, or gas?
temperature
3. Is the amount of water on Earth always changing or is it a constant amount?
The two conditions under which nitrogen will react are oxygen are high temperatures and pressures found near lightning bolts.
17. What are the two compounds that are formed when nitrogen combines with oxygen?
nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
18. How does nitric acid (HNO3) form?
Nitric acid forms when nitrogen dioxide reacts with water in rain.
19. Why is nitric acid important?
Nitric acid is important because plants utilize it as a nutrient.
20. What percentage of the air we breathe is nitrogen?
The percentage of air we breath that is nitrogen is 79%.
21. Even though considerable nitrogen is available in the air, most plants do not use the nitrogen (N2) found in air. Why not?
the nitrogen they get needs to be in a "fixed" form.
22. In what compounds can plants use nitrogen?
Plants can use nitrogen in compounds such as nitrate ions, ammonium ions, and urea.
23. How do animals get the nitrogen they need?
Animals get the nitrogen they need by plants.
24. Atmospheric nitrogen is pretty inert. This means that is does not easily break apart. When molecules do not break apart easily, it is difficult (or impossible) for organisms to use them as a nutrient source. As a result, nitrogen fixation is the term used to describe the process of breaking up N2.
-What is atmospheric fixation?
Atmospheric fixation is when the large energy of lightning breaks nitrogen molecules and enables their
atoms to combine with oxygen in the air forming nitrogen oxides. The nitrogen oxides dissolve in rain (forming nitrates) that are carried to the earth.
-What is industrial fixation? (How artificial fertilizers are made)
Industrial fixation is when, under large pressure, and with use of catalyst, atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen can be combined to form ammonia. Ammonia can be used as fertilizer.
-What is biological fixation?
Biological fixation is the ability to fix nitrogen, but only in certain bacteria and algae- such as
-Some live in a symbiotic relationship with plants of the legume family.
-Some establish symbiotic relationships with plants other than legumes.
-Some establish symbiotic relationships with animals.
-Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free in the soil.
-Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are essential to maintaining the fertility of semi-aquatic environments.
25. Nitrogen cycle
26. Why is nitrogen needed for animals and plants?
plants use nitrogen to produce complex organic molecules like amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
1. Define "water cycle".
A complex process that not only gives us water to drink, fish to eat, but also weather patterns that help grow our crops. Contains precipitation, evaporation, and transpiration.
2. What fraction of Earth's surface is covered in water?
3/4 of the earth is covered by water
3. What percentage of all the Earth's water is in a form that is useable to humans and land animals?
The percentage of all the Earth's water that is in a form that is useable to humans and land animals is 1%.
2. Why is evaporated water so clean?
Evaporated water is so clean because during the process of evaporation, impurities in water are left behind.
3. Condensation occurs when a gas is changed into a liquid.
4. Condensation is the opposite of evaporation.
5. When the temperature and atmospheric pressure are right, the small droplets of water in clouds form larger droplets and precipitation occurs.
6. Define transpiration.
As plants absorb water from the soil, the water moves from the roots through the stems to the leaves. Once the water reaches the leaves, some of it evaporates from the leaves, adding to the amount of water vapor in the air.
7. Define percolation.
Percolation is the movement and filtering of fluids through certain materials.
1. Using the terms "evaporation", "condensation", and "precipitation", explain the water cycle in your own words.
Evaporation turns from liquid to gas (vapor) and rises, condensation takes the evaporated liquid-gas and turns it back into liquid and turns it into rain droplets, and precipitation is when the droplets that were kept in condensation fall to Earth.
2. What factor is most important in determining whether water is a solid, liquid, or gas?
temperature
3. Is the amount of water on Earth always changing or is it a constant amount?